DTMT Network

With extreme heat becoming more common, experts are raising alarms about the serious health risks posed by soaring temperatures. "It's hard to think of an organ that is not affected by the heat," says Craig Crandall, professor of internal medicine at UT Southwestern in Dallas.

Extreme heat, defined as temperatures above 90 degrees combined with high humidity, can disrupt the body's internal systems and even lead to organ failure. "What keeps us cool is sweat evaporating from our skin," Crandall explained in a UT Southwestern news release. "When the weather is too humid, sweat does not evaporate as effectively, so with the excess sweating, you're essentially just dehydrating yourself."

Heat stress causes blood to rush to the skin to release body heat, forcing the heart to pump harder. This can be particularly dangerous for individuals with cardiovascular diseases. The kidneys may also suffer, increasing risks for those with renal disease. Breathing becomes more difficult, and hot, humid air can exacerbate asthma symptoms. Additionally, the intestinal tract may allow harmful toxins to enter the bloodstream under extreme heat.

Overexertion in high temperatures can lead to muscle strains, cramps, and a severe condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which can damage the kidneys and cause an irregular heartbeat. Recognizing when someone is struggling with the heat and responding quickly is crucial.

Last summer, the hottest on record, saw nearly 120,000 emergency room visits across the United States and 2,302 heat-related deaths, up from 1,602 in 2021, according to federal data. This summer is shaping up to be similar, with heat exhaustion and heat stroke being the most significant concerns.

"Heat exhaustion is not likely to inflict significant damage if addressed early," noted Dr. Kurt Kleinschmidt, a professor of emergency medicine at UT Southwestern. "In contrast, heat stroke is far more dangerous. By then, your body temperature has risen so much that organs, such as the brain, are shutting down. If not recognized early, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke."

Common symptoms of heat exhaustion include headache or dizziness, weakness, nausea, irritability, heavy sweating, elevated body temperature, decreased urination, and thirst. Neurological symptoms such as confusion, delirium, and seizures may also occur. Recognizing heat stroke symptoms could be life-saving.

To protect yourself and loved ones, it is essential to stay hydrated, seek indoor shelter if you feel tired, dizzy, or overheated, wear lightweight clothing, and monitor the heat index. Avoid outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day and during heat advisories. To cool down, wipe your skin with a wet cloth and keep a close eye on older relatives living alone.

As temperatures continue to climb, awareness and proactive measures can help mitigate the severe health risks associated with extreme heat.