Back discomfort is rapidly becoming one of the most common health concerns among working-age Indians. Previously believed to primarily affect the elderly, people as young as 18 now commonly experience it. Poor posture, extended working hours without mobility, smoking, alcohol consumption, and a lack of physical activity are all contributing to this silent epidemic. 

Neglecting early symptoms leads to serious nerve damage, leg numbness, and even paralysis, say spine specialists.

According to the Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, approximately 48% of Indians experience low back pain (LBP) at any given moment. However, many people continue to self-medicate or ignore their discomfort until it becomes unbearable. 

Doctors warn that untreated back discomfort, particularly in the upper or lower spine, can cause chronic nerve damage. It may begin with modest discomfort, but if left untreated, it can progress to numbness in the arms and legs, weakness, and, in some cases, paralysis. This is often preventable with early medical intervention. 

"We are now seeing people in their 20s and 30s with severe back problems," says Dr Kunal Bhardwaj, a spine surgeon at Apollo Spectra Hospital in Mumbai. "Unfortunately, individuals fear surgery and postpone getting diagnosed. However, 80-90% of back pain patients can be treated without surgery using medicine, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. 

Rukiya Banu, 60, of Navi Mumbai, was one of his patients who had been suffering for almost a decade. She avoided seeing a doctor and eventually became bedridden. When her legs began to lose strength, she sought professional assistance. She can now walk without assistance following surgery. 

Another patient, Mitali Dewoolkar, 50, of Mumbai, had been unable to walk for more than two years. Her disease deteriorated until both legs were damaged. She, too, was afraid of surgery, despite consulting several doctors. She eventually had a successful operation and was able to walk alone two days later. 

Doctors note a concerning trend: patients continue to ignore symptoms or rely on over-the-counter pain relievers. While these may provide temporary comfort, they may not address the underlying problem and may exacerbate the illness. 

"Back pain is not something to 'tolerate'," Dr. Bhardwaj continues. "The spine supports and protects our nervous system. Ignoring spinal disorders might result in irreversible injury. However, most cases can be reversed or stabilised if individuals seek medical attention as soon as possible. 

What is the cause of the rise? Long hours spent bent over desks or phones, poor ergonomic habits, and a lack of movement throughout the day are all major contributing factors. Mental stress, weight increase, and vitamin D deficiency are all significant factors. 

To reduce the growing burden of back disorders, specialists prescribe a few basic but beneficial routines. Taking short breaks every 30–40 minutes at work, especially if you're sitting for long periods of time, can help relieve spinal pressure. Regular stretching and back exercises help develop muscles and preserve flexibility. Lifestyle choices are also important—avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy body weight reduces stress on the spine and slows deterioration. Using a supportive mattress and sitting in appropriate posture can help prevent long-term injury. As more patients seek treatment for back problems, spine specialists emphasise the importance of recognising early symptoms, such as stiffness, limb discomfort, or numbness. Consulting a doctor at the first indication of trouble can help prevent long-term damage and reduce the need for surgeries or other intrusive treatments.