Valacyclovir

Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses. It works by slowing the growth and spread of the virus, helping the immune system combat the infection more effectively. It is the hydrochloride salt to L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir tablets are for oral administration. Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir, meaning it is converted into acyclovir in the body. It is commonly used to treat viral infections such as herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles).

Indications

-Herpes Simplex Virus: Used for the treatment and suppression of genital herpes and cold sores. -Varicella (Chickenpox): Effective in reducing the duration and severity of chickenpox in children and adults. -Herpes Zoster (Shingles): Used to treat shingles and reduce the duration of pain. -Other Uses: May be used off-label for other viral infections as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Dosage

Herpes zoster : 1 gram orally 3times daily for 7 days. Genital herpes: Initial episodes: 1gram tiwce daily for 10 days, Recurrent episodes: 500mg twice daily for 3 days, Suppressive Therapy: 1 gram once daily in patients with normal immune function. In patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year an alternative dose is 500mg once daily for the source partner. Herpes Labialis (Cold Sores) : 2 grams twice daily for 1 day taken about 12 hours apart.

Contra-Indications

Hypersensitivity.

Special Precautions

-Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment may be necessary in patients with kidney problems. -Hydration: Adequate hydration is recommended to reduce the risk of kidney damage. -Pregnancy and Lactation: Should be used with caution and under medical supervision. -Elderly Patients: Use with caution due to potential increased risk of side effects.

Side Effects

-Common side effects include headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. -Less common but serious side effects may include allergic reactions, kidney problems, and central nervous system effects.

Drug Interactions

-Valacyclovir may interact with medications that affect kidney function (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus). -Avoid taking with other medications known to be nephrotoxic.