Chloroquine

It is rapidly acting erythrocytic schizonticide; controls most clinical attacks in 1-2 days with disappearance of parasites from peripheral blood. However it has no effect on pre and exo-erythrocytic phases of the parasite and does not prevent relapses in vivax and ovale malaria.P. falciparum has acquired significant resistance. Chloroquine is active against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia also and has anti-inflammatory,local irritant,local anaesthetic,weak smooth muscle relaxant, antihistaminic and antiarrhythmic properties

Indications

Malaria, extra intestinal amoebiasis, giardiasis, rheumatoid arthritis, discoid lupus erythematosus, lepra reactions, photogenic reactions, Infectious mononucleosis.

Dosage

1gm stat followed by 500 mg after 6 hrs and 500 mg daily for next two days

Contra-Indications

Pregnancy,liver damage, severe G.I & haematological diseases,eye impairment.

Special Precautions

Injectable form not be used in children below 5 yrs. G-6PD deficiency, Peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmic examination required during prolonged therapy.

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, itching, headache, loss of vision due to retinal damage and corneal deposits. Loss of hearing, rashes, photo allergy, mental disturbances, myopathy and greying of hair.