Chloroquine Phosphate

Chloroquine Phosphate is an antimalarial medication used primarily for the treatment and prevention of malaria. It is also used to treat certain types of amoebiasis and has been employed in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.

Indications

-Treatment and prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale. -Treatment of extra-intestinal amoebiasis (amoebic liver abscess). -Management of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Dosage

-Malaria Treatment: Typically, a loading dose of 1g (base) initially, followed by 500 mg (base) after 6-8 hours, and then 500 mg (base) daily for 2 days. -Malaria Prevention: 300 mg (base) once a week. -Rheumatoid Arthritis: 300 mg (base) once daily or in divided doses. -Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: 300 mg (base) once daily or in divided doses.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to chloroquine or any of its components. -Pre-existing retinopathy or visual disturbances. -Severe hepatic or renal impairment. -Porphyria.

Special Precautions

-Monitor for signs of toxicity, including visual and auditory disturbances. -Use with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy or other neurological conditions. -Regular eye examinations are recommended for long-term use. -Avoid in pregnancy unless clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Side Effects

-Common: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness. -Serious: Visual disturbances, tinnitus, convulsions, hearing loss, skin rash, hypoglycemia.

Drug Interactions

-May interact with other medications including digoxin, cyclosporine, and certain antibiotics. -May enhance the effects of other antimalarials.Caution is advised when used with medications that may affect the heart's rhythm.