DESMOPRESSIN

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, a hormone that regulates water balance in the body. It acts primarily on the kidneys to reduce urine production and increase water reabsorption, thereby reducing urine output. It is a analogue of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

Indications

-Treatment of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to insufficient vasopressin production or kidney response to vasopressin. -Management of nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children and adults. -Treatment of certain bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, to promote blood clotting.

Dosage

-Intranasally : Diabetes insipidus diagnosis: Adult and child 20 mcg. Diabetes insipidus treatment - Adult 10-40mcg daily ( in 1 or 2 divided doses) Child 5-20mcg. Infants may require lower doses. -Dosage varies depending on the condition being treated and the individual patient's response. It is typically administered orally, intranasally, or intravenously.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to desmopressin or any components of the formulation. -Severe renal impairment. -Hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) or conditions predisposing to hyponatremia. -Cardiac insufficiency, other conditions treated with diuretics.

Special Precautions

Renal impairment, cardiovascular disease and hypertension (not indicated for nocturnal enuresis and nocturia in those over 65 years), cystic fibrosis.

Side Effects

Fluid retention, hyponatraemia on administration without restricting fluid intake, stomach ache, headache, nausea, vomiting, epistaxis. Alergic reations ranging from urticaria to anaphylaxis may occur.

Drug Interactions

-Desmopressin may interact with certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can increase the risk of hyponatremia. -Inform healthcare providers about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, before starting desmopressin therapy.