Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan is a synthetic compound commonly used as a cough suppressant. It belongs to the class of medications known as antitussives, which work by suppressing the cough reflex in the brain.

Indications

Dextromethorphan is indicated for the relief of dry, irritating coughs caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation.

Dosage

The dosage of dextromethorphan can vary depending on the formulation and age of the patient. It is typically taken orally, with dosages ranging from 10 to 30 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding 120 mg in a 24-hour period. However, specific dosing instructions should be followed as directed by a healthcare professional or as indicated on the product label.

Contra-Indications

Dextromethorphan should not be used in individuals who are hypersensitive to the drug or its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with chronic cough due to smoking, asthma, or emphysema, as well as in those with respiratory depression.

Special Precautions

Caution should be exercised when using dextromethorphan in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function, as well as in those with a history of substance abuse. It should be used with caution in elderly patients and those with certain medical conditions such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes.

Side Effects

Common side effects of dextromethorphan may include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach discomfort. Rare but serious side effects may include allergic reactions, difficulty breathing, and hallucinations. If any adverse reactions occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Drug Interactions

Dextromethorphan may interact with certain medications, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and other drugs that affect serotonin levels in the brain. Concurrent use of dextromethorphan with these medications may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by changes in mental status, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular abnormalities.