Doxycycline Monohydrate

Doxycycline monohydrate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the tetracycline class. It is commonly used to treat bacterial infections and is known for its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria that cause respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections. Doxycycline is also used to prevent malaria and treat acne and other specific infections.

Indications

Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia) -Urinary tract infections -Skin infections (e.g., acne) -Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia) -Lyme disease -Rocky Mountain spotted fever -Malaria prophylaxis -Other bacterial infections as prescribed by a healthcare provider

Dosage

-The dosage of doxycycline monohydrate can vary based on the infection being treated, patient age, weight, and renal function. -For adults, the usual dosage ranges from 100 mg to 200 mg per day in divided doses. -For children, the dosage is usually based on weight (2 mg/lb or 4 mg/kg of body weight per day). -It should be taken with a full glass of water to avoid esophageal irritation, and it’s best taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. -Duration of treatment varies depending on the condition being treated; always follow the healthcare provider's instructions.

Contra-Indications

-Known hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines -Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Can affect bone growth and teeth discoloration in fetuses and infants. -Children under the age of 8: Can cause permanent teeth discoloration and may impact bone development.

Special Precautions

-Photosensitivity: Doxycycline can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to sunburn. -Liver and kidney function: Monitor liver and kidney function in patients with pre-existing conditions. -Oral contraceptives: Doxycycline can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. -Anticoagulants: Monitor blood clotting times if the patient is on anticoagulant therapy.

Side Effects

-Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. -Less common side effects include rash, photosensitivity, and yeast infections (oral or vaginal). -Severe side effects are rare but may include liver toxicity, severe skin reactions, and hypersensitivity reactions.

Drug Interactions

-Antacids and supplements: Avoid taking antacids or supplements containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, as they can interfere with absorption. -Oral contraceptives: Doxycycline can reduce the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives. -Anticoagulants: Doxycycline may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants. -Other drugs: Doxycycline may interact with other medications, including other antibiotics and anti-seizure drugs. Consult with your healthcare provider about potential interactions.