Hydrochlorothiazide and Losartan

Hydrochlorothiazide and losartan is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). This combination drug contains two active ingredients: hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic that helps to remove excess water and sodium from the body, and losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that helps relax blood vessels. Together, these medications work to lower blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health.

Indications

-Treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) in patients for whom combination therapy is appropriate. -May be used as initial therapy or when individual agents have not achieved adequate blood pressure control.

Dosage

-Dosage varies based on the patient's response and individual needs. -Typically, the starting dose for adults is one tablet containing 50 mg of losartan and 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide once daily. -The dose may be adjusted based on patient response, up to a maximum dose of 100 mg of losartan and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide once daily. -Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

Contra-Indications

-Known hypersensitivity to any component of the medication. -Anuria (absence of urine production). -Severe liver or kidney impairment. -Pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters (losartan can harm the fetus).

Special Precautions

-Use with caution in patients with a history of gout, diabetes, electrolyte imbalances, or liver/kidney impairment. -Monitor blood pressure and electrolyte levels regularly. -Patients should inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. -Caution is advised when driving or operating heavy machinery due to potential dizziness or drowsiness.

Side Effects

-Common side effects include dizziness, headache, and fatigue. -Other potential side effects include dry mouth, nausea, muscle cramps, and increased urination. -Rare but serious side effects can include allergic reactions, electrolyte imbalances, and changes in kidney function.

Drug Interactions

-Avoid use with potassium supplements or other medications that increase potassium levels. -Can interact with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and certain diabetes medications. -Use caution when combining with other blood pressure medications.