HYOSCYAMINE

Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat various conditions including gastrointestinal disorders, peptic ulcer disease, and bladder disorders. It works by reducing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the body, thereby relieving symptoms such as muscle spasms and excessive secretions.

Indications

-Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) -Peptic ulcer disease -Bladder disorders (e.g., overactive bladder) -Muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract -Certain types of motion sickness

Dosage

-Adults: Typically, the dosage is 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg taken orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed. -Children: Dosage depends on the specific condition and age; consult a healthcare provider for accurate dosing.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to hyoscyamine or other anticholinergic agents -Narrow-angle glaucoma -Severe myasthenia gravis -Certain types of gastrointestinal obstruction (e.g., pyloric stenosis) -Severe cardiovascular conditions (e.g., tachycardia)

Special Precautions

-Use with caution in patients with a history of urinary retention or gastrointestinal obstruction. -Caution in patients with glaucoma, cardiovascular disease, or liver and kidney dysfunction. -Monitor for signs of anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation.

Side Effects

-Common: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness, and drowsiness. -Less common but serious: Rapid heartbeat, urinary retention, confusion, hallucinations.

Drug Interactions

-May interact with other anticholinergic drugs, increasing the risk of side effects. -Interaction with medications that affect gastrointestinal motility or secretion. -Caution with drugs that may exacerbate side effects, such as certain antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.