Ketorolac

Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain. It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.

Indications

-Acute pain management in adults -Postoperative pain -Pain relief following dental surgery -Musculoskeletal pain

Dosage

-Adults: The recommended dose for adults is 10 mg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not to exceed 40 mg per day. Intramuscular and intravenous doses are also available and should be administered by healthcare professionals. -Duration: Treatment should not exceed 5 days. -Special Population: Dose adjustment may be necessary for elderly patients and those with renal impairment.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to Ketorolac or any component of the formulation -Active peptic ulcer disease or recent gastrointestinal bleeding -Severe renal impairment or in patients at risk for renal failure due to volume depletion -Patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs -During labor and delivery

Special Precautions

-Caution in patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease -Monitor liver function periodically -Use with caution in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, or perforation -Avoid use in late pregnancy due to the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

Side Effects

-Gastrointestinal discomfort, ulcers, bleeding, or perforation -Renal impairment or failure -Increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke -Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis -Dizziness, headache, and drowsiness

Drug Interactions

-Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and other NSAIDs -Potential for increased serum lithium levels -May diminish the effect of antihypertensives and diuretics -Concurrent use with probenecid is contraindicated