LACTULOSE

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide used primarily as a laxative to treat constipation. It works by increasing the water content in the bowel, which helps to soften stools and promote bowel movements. Additionally, it is used in the management of hepatic encephalopathy to reduce blood ammonia levels.

Indications

-Constipation: To relieve constipation by increasing the number of bowel movements. -Hepatic Encephalopathy: To reduce blood ammonia levels in patients with liver disease, improving cognitive function.

Dosage

-For Constipation: Typically 15-30 mL taken orally once or twice daily. Dosage may be adjusted based on patient response. -For Hepatic Encephalopathy: Initial dose of 30-45 mL taken orally 3-4 times daily, adjusted as needed.

Contra-Indications

-Galactosemia: Lactulose is contraindicated in patients with galactosemia due to its galactose content. -Bowel Obstruction: Should not be used in cases of suspected or confirmed bowel obstruction.

Special Precautions

-Diabetes Mellitus: Use with caution in diabetic patients due to potential impact on blood glucose levels. -Electrolyte Imbalance: Prolonged use may lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration. -Pregnancy & Lactation: Use only if clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

-Common: Abdominal cramping, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea. -Severe: Persistent diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and abdominal pain.

Drug Interactions

-Antacids: May reduce the efficacy of lactulose. -Other Laxatives: Concurrent use with other laxatives may increase the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.