NIACIN (B3)
(Nicotinic acid & Nicotinamide) Nicotinic acid is readily converted to its amide which is a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide - adenine-dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate (NADP) involved in oxidation- reduction reactions. These pyridine nucleotides act as hydrogen acceptors in the electron transport chain in tissue respiration, glycolysis and fat synthesis. Nicotinic acid in large doses is a vasodilator, particularly of skin vessels and lower plasma lipid. Deficiency symptoms: Pellagra, cardinal manifestations of which are: Dermatitis-sun burn like skin rash on hands, legs and face which later turn black, crack and peal. Diarrhoea. Dermentia-with hallucinations preceded by headache, insomnia poor memory, motor and sensory disturbances.Treatment of Pellagra. Hartnup’s disease peripheral vascular disease and as hypolipo proteinemic.
-General Deficiency: Typically, adults take around 14-16 mg per day (women and men, respectively) from dietary sources. -Prescription Dosage: For the treatment of hyperlipidemia, the dosage varies and can range from 500 mg to 2,000 mg daily, depending on individual response. -Dosage should always be guided by a healthcare provider.
-Liver Disease: Niacin can worsen liver function, so it should not be used by individuals with active liver disease. -Peptic Ulcers: Niacin may exacerbate peptic ulcers and should be avoided in these cases. -Hypersensitivity: Individuals allergic to niacin or any component of the formulation should avoid it.
-Liver Function Monitoring: Regular monitoring of liver function is essential, as niacin can cause liver toxicity. -Diabetes: Niacin can impact blood sugar levels, so diabetic patients should use it cautiously. Gout: Niacin may increase uric acid levels, potentially exacerbating gout. -Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Use with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
-Flushing: One of the most common side effects, which may be reduced by taking niacin with food or at bedtime. -Gastrointestinal Issues: Indigestion, stomach upset, and nausea may occur. -Liver Toxicity: High doses can cause liver damage; monitoring is essential. -Other Side Effects: Itching, rash, and increased blood sugar levels.
-Statins: Combined use with statins may increase the risk of liver damage. -Antihypertensive Medications: Niacin may exacerbate low blood pressure. -Diabetes Medications: Niacin may affect blood sugar control.
