NPH Insulin

NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin is a type of intermediate-acting insulin used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. It is a suspension of insulin with protamine and zinc that has an onset of action of approximately 1-2 hours, peaks in 4-12 hours, and lasts up to 24 hours.

Indications

NPH insulin is indicated for the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control.

Dosage

The dosage of NPH insulin varies depending on factors such as the individual's blood sugar levels, diet, and activity level. It is typically administered subcutaneously once or twice daily, usually before breakfast and/or dinner. Dosage adjustments may be necessary under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Contra-Indications

NPH insulin is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its excipients.

Special Precautions

Special precautions should be taken in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, as dosage adjustments may be necessary. Careful monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential during times of illness, stress, or changes in medication regimen.

Side Effects

Common side effects of NPH insulin may include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling, or itching), and weight gain. Less common side effects may include allergic reactions and lipodystrophy (thickening or thinning of subcutaneous fat at the injection site).

Drug Interactions

NPH insulin may interact with other medications, including oral antidiabetic agents, certain beta-blockers, corticosteroids, and certain medications that affect glucose metabolism. Close monitoring and dosage adjustments may be necessary when using NPH insulin concomitantly with these medications.