PREPARATIONS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN

Specific immunoglobulins are preparations that contain a concentrated source of antibodies directed against specific antigens, such as those from viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. These preparations are usually obtained from pooled plasma of individuals or animals with high antibody titers. They are available in injectable forms and work by providing immediate, short-term immunity to specific infections.

Indications

Specific immunoglobulins are indicated for the prevention or treatment of various infections, including: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin for preventing hepatitis B infection in post-exposure prophylaxis and in newborns of infected mothers. Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin for post-exposure prophylaxis of chickenpox in vulnerable populations. Tetanus immunoglobulin for prevention and treatment of tetanus. Rabies immunoglobulin for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies.

Dosage

The dosage of specific immunoglobulins varies depending on the type of immunoglobulin, the indication, and the individual patient's needs. It is generally calculated based on the patient's weight and the specific guidelines for the condition being treated. Dosage should always be determined by a healthcare provider.

Contra-Indications

Specific immunoglobulins may be contraindicated in individuals with: Known hypersensitivity to immunoglobulin preparations. Selective IgA deficiency, as some preparations may contain trace amounts of IgA and pose a risk of allergic reactions. Severe renal impairment, where volume overload could pose a risk.

Special Precautions

Monitor patients for signs of hypersensitivity reactions during and after administration. Use with caution in patients with compromised renal function due to potential risk of renal dysfunction. Ensure proper storage and handling of the product to maintain its efficacy and safety. Pregnancy and lactation: Immunoglobulins are generally considered safe, but consult a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

Common side effects of specific immunoglobulins may include: Mild infusion site reactions such as redness, swelling, or pain. Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis in rare cases. Headache, fever, chills, or fatigue. Nausea and vomiting.

Drug Interactions

Specific immunoglobulins may interact with live vaccines, potentially affecting their efficacy. Consult a healthcare provider for guidance on immunization schedules.