PYRIMETHAMINE

Pyrimethamine is an antiprotozoal medication primarily used to treat and prevent malaria, as well as to manage toxoplasmosis. It works by inhibiting the folic acid synthesis in protozoa, which is essential for their growth and reproduction.

Indications

-Treatment of acute malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. -Prophylaxis of malaria in areas where chloroquine resistance is prevalent. -Treatment of toxoplasmosis in conjunction with other medications.

Dosage

-Malaria: Typically 25 mg to 50 mg daily for 2 days or as directed by a healthcare professional. -Toxoplasmosis: Usually administered in combination with sulfadiazine; dosages are individualized based on the patient’s condition.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine or any component of the formulation. -Severe liver or kidney disease. -Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester) unless clearly needed.

Special Precautions

-Use with caution in patients with pre-existing liver or kidney conditions. -Monitor blood counts regularly due to the risk of bone marrow suppression. -May require supplementation with folic acid to reduce the risk of side effects.

Side Effects

-Common: Nausea, vomiting, rash, headache. -Serious: Bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity, allergic reactions.

Drug Interactions

-May interact with other antimalarials, anticoagulants, and medications that affect liver enzyme activity. -Caution is advised when used with medications that can cause folic acid deficiency or affect bone marrow function.