Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride, commonly known as salt, is an essential compound used for various physiological functions in the body. It exists as a crystalline solid and is composed of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-).Sodium chloride is used for electrolyte replenishment, hydration therapy, and as a diluent or vehicle for medications. It is also used in intravenous (IV) infusions, irrigation solutions, and in the preparation of various pharmaceutical formulations.
The dosage of sodium chloride varies depending on the specific indication and the route of administration. It is administered orally, intravenously, or topically as directed by a healthcare professional.
Contraindications include hypersensitivity to sodium chloride, hypernatremia (high sodium levels), and conditions where sodium intake needs to be restricted, such as certain heart or kidney disorders.
Special precautions should be taken in patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure, edema, and renal impairment. Monitoring of electrolyte levels, particularly sodium and chloride, is essential during therapy with sodium chloride solutions.
Side effects of sodium chloride may include fluid and electrolyte disturbances such as hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. In rare cases, allergic reactions or local irritation at the site of administration may occur.
Sodium chloride may interact with certain medications, particularly those affecting electrolyte balance or renal function, such as diuretics, corticosteroids, and lithium.
