SULFONAMIDES

They have some inhibitory influence on the erythrocytic phase, specially of P.falciparum. However they form supra-additive synergistic combination with pyrimethamine due to sequential block. Such combinations are now preferred for the prophylaxis as well as treatment of malaria. Though both components are slow acting, the combination is faster, so that it can be employed as a clinical curative as well. Development of resistance is also retarded.

Indications

-Urinary tract infections -Respiratory tract infections -Gastrointestinal infections -Skin infections -Meningitis -Toxoplasmosis -Rheumatic fever prophylaxis

Dosage

Dosage may vary depending on the specific sulfonamide and the condition being treated. It's essential to follow the prescribed dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or any component of the formulation -Severe liver or kidney impairment -Pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester -Infants younger than 2 months old

Special Precautions

-Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment -Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight due to the risk of photosensitivity reactions -Monitor for signs of allergic reactions, including skin rash, fever, and respiratory symptoms

Side Effects

-Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions such as skin rash or itching. -Rare but severe side effects may include Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and blood disorders like agranulocytosis or hemolytic anemia.

Drug Interactions

-Sulfonamides may interact with various medications, including anticoagulants, methotrexate, oral hypoglycemic agents, and certain diuretics. -Concurrent use with other drugs that may cause liver or kidney toxicity should be monitored closely.