A recent report from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reveals a significant decline in birth and fertility rates in the United States from 1990 to 2023. The findings, published in the March 6 edition of National Vital Statistics Reports, highlight a shifting demographic landscape in maternal age and reproductive trends.

Key Findings on Fertility Decline

The study, conducted by Dr. Anne K. Driscoll and Dr. Brady E. Hamilton from NCHS, analyzed birth data spanning over three decades. Researchers found that the total number of births in the U.S. declined by 14% during this period, while the general fertility rate (GFR) dropped by 23% and the total fertility rate (TFR) fell by 22%.

A closer look at the data suggests that declining birth rates among women under 30 years old played a significant role in the overall decrease. If birth rates for this demographic had remained constant since 1990, adjusted GFRs, TFRs, and total birth numbers in 2023 would have been notably higher. The decline in younger maternal birth rates outweighed the modest increase in births among women aged 30 and older, contributing to an overall downward trend.

Shifting Maternal Age Trends

The study also highlights a substantial shift in maternal age distribution. In 1990, women under 30 accounted for nearly 70% of all births, a figure that declined to 48.6% in 2023. This shift underscores evolving reproductive choices, economic factors, and societal changes that influence when women choose to have children.

The Broader Implications

"The decline in fertility rates over the past few decades results from declining rates among females younger than 30, which are offset somewhat by smaller increases among older women," the authors noted in their report.

The findings raise important questions about the future of population growth, workforce sustainability, and social support systems. As fertility patterns continue to evolve, experts emphasize the need for further research into the socioeconomic factors shaping reproductive decisions and potential policy adjustments to address demographic challenges.