The kidneys are often referred to as the unsung heroes of our body, tirelessly working to filter waste, regulate fluids, and maintain blood pressure. However, kidney diseases frequently progress quietly, showing little to no symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Dr. Topoti Mukherjee, Lead Consultant – Nephrology & Kidney Transplant at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, warns that millions of people live with kidney disease unknowingly, only discovering it at an advanced stage when dialysis or even a transplant may become necessary.

According to Dr. Mukherjee, one of the earliest signs of kidney trouble is persistent fatigue and weakness. This happens because poorly functioning kidneys are unable to remove toxins effectively from the body, leading to an overwhelming sense of tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and in many cases, anemia. People often dismiss this as general exhaustion, but if fatigue persists despite sufficient rest, it’s a signal that should not be ignored.

Another subtle but telling sign lies in changes in urination patterns. Since kidneys filter the blood to produce urine, any alterations in frequency or appearance could indicate an underlying issue. Increased urination at night, dark or blood-tinged urine, foamy urine due to protein leakage, or a noticeable reduction in urine output despite normal fluid intake are warning signals that kidneys may not be functioning as they should.

Swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or even the face is also a red flag. Dr. Mukherjee explains that when the kidneys fail to balance fluids, the body retains excess water, causing swelling or puffiness. People often notice their shoes feeling tighter or rings becoming difficult to wear, often dismissing these changes until they become severe.

Additionally, recurring puffiness under the eyes, particularly noticeable in the mornings, can be a direct result of protein loss through urine. Healthy kidneys retain vital proteins in the body, but when kidney function deteriorates, proteins like albumin leak into the urine, resulting in visible puffiness.

Unexplained rashes or severe itching are also symptoms that could point to kidney disease. As toxins build up in the bloodstream due to impaired kidney function, the skin reacts with dryness, irritation, and persistent itching. In advanced cases, imbalances in minerals like calcium and phosphorus can make this itching severe and unresponsive to conventional treatments.

Another often-overlooked sign is a metallic taste in the mouth or a loss of appetite. Dr. Mukherjee explains that the accumulation of waste products in the blood can alter the way food tastes, cause bad breath, and reduce one’s desire to eat. In some cases, this is accompanied by nausea and unintentional weight loss.

The challenge with kidney disease, as Dr. Mukherjee emphasizes, is that these symptoms are subtle and can easily be mistaken for other health issues or even everyday fatigue. By the time they become obvious, the damage might already be advanced. That’s why early detection is crucial.

She urges everyone to remain vigilant about these warning signs and to prioritize regular health check-ups. If any of these symptoms are noticed, it’s essential to consult a doctor and undergo kidney function tests. Taking proactive measures today can make all the difference in protecting kidney health and preventing life-threatening complications in the future.