Vitamin K

It acts as a cofactor at a late stage in the synthesis by liver of coagulation proteins-prothrombin, factors VII, IX and X. The Vit K dependent change in these factors confers on them the capacity to bind calcium and to get bound to phospholipid surfaces-properties essential for participation in the coagulation cascade. Most of the vitamin is synthesised by intestinal bacteria & there is therefore a real risk of deficiency in new born-infants where the flora have not had time to become established.There are a number of Vit K analgoues like. Phytonadione, Menadione, Acetomenaphthone, Menadione Sod, bisulfite, Menadiol Sod diphosphate.

Indications

Prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding due to deficiency of clotting factors. Haemorrhages, hematemesis. Hematuria. Menorrhagia, Metrorr-hagia.Epistaxis,Retinal haemorrhage.Haemoptysis.

Dosage

0.5-1 mcg/kg.

Contra-Indications

Hypersensitivity to vitamin

Special Precautions

Menadine and its water soluble derivatives can cause haemolysis in patients with G-6-PD deficiency and neonates.

Side Effects

Decreased appetite, decreased movement or activity, difficulty in breathing, enlarged liver, general body swelling, irritability, muscle stiffness, paleness, yellow eyes or skin

Drug Interactions

Vitamin K is used by the body to help blood clot. Warfarin (Coumadin) is used to slow blood clotting. By helping the blood clot, vitamin K might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin). Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin (Coumadin) might need to be changed.