DISSOLVED HUMAN INSULLIN AND CRYSTALLINE NPH HUMAN INSULIN

Dissolved human insulin and crystalline NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) human insulin are forms of insulin used to control blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Dissolved human insulin, also known as regular insulin, is a short-acting insulin that starts working within 30 minutes and has a duration of action of approximately 5 to 8 hours. NPH insulin, on the other hand, is an intermediate-acting insulin that contains protamine to slow its absorption, resulting in a longer duration of action of 12 to 18 hours.

Indications

-Dissolved human insulin is primarily used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, particularly in situations requiring rapid onset of action, such as managing hyperglycemia around meal times. -Crystalline NPH human insulin is used to maintain basal (background) blood glucose levels and is often used in combination with faster-acting insulins to provide comprehensive insulin coverage.

Dosage

-Dissolved Human Insulin: Typically administered subcutaneously 30 minutes before meals. The dose depends on individual needs and blood glucose monitoring. -Crystalline NPH Human Insulin: Administered subcutaneously, usually once or twice daily depending on the patient's insulin regimen and blood glucose levels.

Contra-Indications

-Known hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its components. -Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a contraindication for use.

Special Precautions

-Monitor blood glucose levels closely to adjust dosage as necessary. -Caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. -Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. -Insulin should be used with caution in patients with adrenal, pituitary, or thyroid disorders. -Pregnancy and lactation require close monitoring and adjustment of insulin doses.

Side Effects

-Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is the most common side effect. -Local injection site reactions (redness, swelling, irritation). -Allergic reactions (rash, itching, anaphylaxis, in rare cases). -Lipodystrophy (changes in subcutaneous fat at injection sites) with prolonged use.

Drug Interactions

-Other glucose-lowering medications may enhance the hypoglycemic effect. -Beta-blockers may mask hypoglycemia symptoms. -Alcohol can affect blood glucose levels. -Corticosteroids and some other medications can increase blood glucose levels.