Fingolimod
Fingolimod is a medication primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It belongs to a class of drugs known as sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. By binding to these receptors, fingolimod prevents certain immune cells from leaving the lymph nodes, thereby reducing their ability to attack the central nervous system in MS.Fingolimod is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.
The recommended dosage of fingolimod is typically 0.5 mg orally once daily, administered as a capsule. Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual patient factors and tolerability.
Fingolimod is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with certain cardiac conditions, such as recent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or heart failure, as well as in patients with severe untreated sleep apnea.
Before initiating fingolimod therapy, healthcare providers should evaluate patients for certain baseline conditions, including liver function abnormalities, macular edema, and recent vaccinations. Fingolimod may increase the risk of infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection is recommended during treatment.
Common side effects of fingolimod include headache, diarrhea, cough, back pain, and elevated liver enzymes. More serious side effects may include bradycardia (slow heart rate), macular edema, and infections. Patients should seek medical attention if they experience any concerning symptoms while taking fingolimod.
Fingolimod may interact with certain medications, including antihypertensives, immunosuppressants, and drugs that affect heart rhythm. Concomitant use of fingolimod with these medications may require dosage adjustments or careful monitoring to prevent adverse effects.
