Human Insulin

Human insulin is a hormone used in the treatment of diabetes, a condition where the body cannot produce enough insulin or use it properly. It helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. Human insulin is available in various forms, including short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin, to manage blood glucose levels throughout the day.

Indications

-Type 1 Diabetes: For patients who need exogenous insulin for survival. -Type 2 Diabetes: When oral medications are insufficient or inappropriate. -Gestational Diabetes: For managing diabetes during pregnancy. -Hyperglycemia management: Used in patients with high blood sugar levels.

Dosage

The dosage of human insulin varies depending on the individual patient’s needs, the type of insulin being used, and their response to treatment. A healthcare professional will determine the appropriate dosage based on factors such as blood glucose levels, dietary intake, physical activity, and overall health. Dosage adjustments may be necessary over time to maintain optimal blood glucose control.

Contra-Indications

Human insulin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its excipients. It should not be used in patients experiencing hypoglycemia, as further insulin administration can exacerbate the condition.

Special Precautions

Hypoglycemia Risk: Care should be taken to avoid hypoglycemia, particularly in patients with unpredictable eating habits or those who experience significant variations in their exercise routines. Injection Sites: Rotating injection sites can help prevent skin changes such as lipodystrophy. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential to ensure optimal control and adjust dosages as needed. Intercurrent Illness: Illness, stress, or surgery may affect insulin requirements; medical guidance should be sought during such periods.

Side Effects

-Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) -Weight gain -Injection site reactions such as pain, redness, or swelling -Allergic reactions (rare) -Less common side effects in

Drug Interactions

-Oral hypoglycemic agents: May increase the risk of hypoglycemia. -Beta-blockers: Can mask hypoglycemia symptoms. -Corticosteroids, diuretics, and certain antipsychotics: May increase blood glucose levels, affecting insulin requirements.