Insulin Glargine

Insulin glargine is a long-acting form of insulin used to manage blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It works by helping glucose enter cells, which lowers blood sugar levels. Insulin glargine provides a steady, consistent release of insulin over 24 hours, mimicking the natural background insulin secretion in the body.

Indications

-Type 1 Diabetes: To manage blood sugar levels in adults and children. -Type 2 Diabetes: To control blood sugar levels in adults when oral medications or other types of insulin are insufficient.

Dosage

-Adults: The dosage varies based on individual needs and blood sugar monitoring. Typically, a single daily injection is given at the same time each day. -Children: Dosage is individualized based on needs and monitoring results. -Dosage adjustments may be required based on blood glucose levels, other medications, diet, and physical activity.

Contra-Indications

-Allergy: Known hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any of its excipients. -Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Insulin glargine is not suitable for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Special Precautions

-Hypoglycemia: Insulin glargine can cause low blood sugar levels. Monitoring and adjusting dosage as needed is important. -Injection Site Rotation: Rotate injection sites to avoid lipodystrophy or localized skin reactions. -Renal or Hepatic Impairment: Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with kidney or liver problems. -Pregnancy and Lactation: Monitor blood sugar levels closely during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side Effects

-Common: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), weight gain, and injection site reactions (e.g., pain, redness, swelling). -Less Common: Lipodystrophy (changes in fat tissue at injection sites), allergic reactions, or visual disturbances.

Drug Interactions

-Other Medications: Certain drugs can affect insulin glargine's effectiveness or increase the risk of hypoglycemia, including other antidiabetic agents, beta-blockers, and some blood pressure medications. -Alcohol: Alcohol can either increase or decrease blood sugar levels and should be consumed with caution.