ISOPHANE INSULIN

Isophane insulin, also known as NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin combined with protamine, which delays its onset and extends its duration of action.

Indications

-Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 -Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (in patients requiring insulin therapy) -Gestational Diabetes (when diet and exercise alone do not adequately control blood glucose levels)

Dosage

-The dosage of isophane insulin is individualized based on the patient’s needs, blood glucose levels, and response to therapy. -Typically administered subcutaneously once or twice daily. -The initial dosage may range from 0.1 to 0.2 units/kg/day, adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring. -It is important to follow healthcare provider instructions on timing and dosage.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to isophane insulin or any of its components. -Episodes of hypoglycemia.

Special Precautions

-Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, as they may have increased insulin sensitivity. -Monitor blood glucose levels regularly to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. -Adjust dosage during periods of stress, illness, or changes in diet or exercise. -Caution in patients with visual impairment or those unable to properly self-administer.

Side Effects

-Hypoglycemia (most common) -Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling) -Lipodystrophy at the injection site (if not rotating injection sites) -Weight gain -Allergic reactions (rare, but can include rash, breathing difficulties, and swelling)

Drug Interactions

-Oral antidiabetic drugs (may require dosage adjustments) -Beta-blockers (may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia) -Alcohol (can potentiate the hypoglycemic effect) -Corticosteroids, diuretics, and sympathomimetics (may increase blood glucose levels) -ACE inhibitors and MAO inhibitors (may enhance the hypoglycemic effect)