METFORMIN
Metformin is an oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works by helping to control blood sugar levels in patients whose diabetes cannot be managed by diet and exercise alone.-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children over 10 years of age. -Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): May be used off-label to manage symptoms related to insulin resistance.
-Adults: Initial dose is typically 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily, with a maximum dose of 2,000 to 2,500 mg per day, depending on the formulation and patient response. -Children (10 years and older): Initial dose is 500 mg once or twice daily. The dosage may be adjusted based on blood sugar levels and tolerance.
-Renal Impairment: Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment or acute renal failure. -Hypersensitivity: Avoid in patients with known hypersensitivity to metformin. -Acidosis: Contraindicated in patients with metabolic acidosis or lactic acidosis.
-Renal Function Monitoring: Regular monitoring of renal function is advised. -Radiologic Studies: Discontinue use before or during radiologic studies involving intravenous contrast. -Alcohol Consumption: Limit alcohol intake as it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
-Common: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and metallic taste. -Serious: Lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, and potential allergic reactions.
-Insulin and Sulfonylureas: May increase the risk of hypoglycemia. -Diuretics and Corticosteroids: May reduce the effectiveness of metformin. -Contrast Agents: Risk of acute kidney injury when used with contrast media.
