Pantoprazole

It is a proton pump inhibitor, i.e. it inhibits specifically and dose proportionally the gastric H+, K+-ATPase enzyme which is responsible for acid secretion in the parietal cells of the stomach.

Indications

For the symptomatic improvement and healing of gastrointestinal diseases which require a reduction in acid secretion e.g. Duodenal ulcer, Gastric ulcer, Moderate and severe reflux esophagitis. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Helicobacter pylori eradication in combination with antibiotics.

Dosage

One tab per day, either during or before breakfast. Duodenal ulcer: 1 tab for 2 weeks. Gastric ulcer: 1 tab for 4 weeks. Gastro-oesophageal reflux: 1 tab for 4 weeks.

Contra-Indications

Hypersensitivity to any of the constituents. It should be used with caution in patients with severe liver disease.

Special Precautions

1. Pregnancy: Should not be used unless the benefit exceeds the potential risk. 2. Lactation: Should not be used unless the benefit exceeds the potential risk. 3. Patients with osteoporosis or at risk of bone fractures may require monitoring, as long-term use of PPIs has been associated with an increased risk of fractures. 4. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea may occur, and caution is advised in patients with a history of this condition.

Side Effects

1. Headache 2. Diarrheas'. 3. Rarely skin rashes 4. Pruritus and dizziness. 5. Abdominal pain

Drug Interactions

Pantoprazole may interact with several medications, including: 1. Warfarin (increasing the risk of bleeding) 2. Ketoconazole and itraconazole (affecting their absorption) 3. Atazanavir (reducing its absorption) It is important to inform healthcare providers about all medications being taken, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements.