Sitagliptin

It is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), an incretin hormone, stimulates insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, improves beta-cell function and slows gastric emptying. GLP-1 production is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, once GLP-1 is produced. It is rapidly degraded by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme. Sitagliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), resulting in prolonged active incretin levels. Incretin hormones increases insuling synthesis and release from pancreatic b-cells and reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic a-cells. Reduced glucagon secretion leads to decreased hepatic glucose production.

Indications

Sitagliptin is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dosage

-The typical starting dose is 100 mg once daily. -Dose adjustments may be necessary based on renal function. -Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized dosing recommendations.

Contra-Indications

Sitagliptin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to sitagliptin or any component of the formulation.

Special Precautions

-Monitor renal function before and during treatment -Use with caution in patients with a history of pancreatitis -Regularly monitor blood glucose levels -Inform your healthcare provider of any other medical conditions or medications

Side Effects

Headache, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis. Angioedema exfoliative dermatitis, hypoglycaemia.

Drug Interactions

-May interact with insulin and sulfonylureas, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia -Adjustments may be needed when used with other medications affecting blood glucose levels