VILDAGLIPTIN
Vildagliptin is an oral antidiabetic medication that belongs to the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon secretion. Vildagliptin is commonly used as a monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.Vildagliptin is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults to improve glycemic control: -As monotherapy in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone. -In combination with other antidiabetic medications, including metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, or insulin, when these agents alone do not provide adequate glycemic control.
-Monotherapy or Combination Therapy: The recommended dose is 50 mg twice daily (morning and evening) or 100 mg once daily. -Renal Impairment: For patients with moderate or severe renal impairment, the recommended dose is 50 mg once daily. -Hepatic Impairment: Use of vildagliptin is not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment.
-Known hypersensitivity to vildagliptin or any of the excipients. -Patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. -Moderate to severe renal impairment without dose adjustment. -Hepatic impairment due to lack of safety data.
-Renal Function: Monitor renal function periodically due to risk of renal impairment. -Hepatic Function: Liver function tests should be conducted prior to and during treatment. Discontinue if liver enzyme elevations persist. -Cardiovascular Risk: Caution in patients with heart failure; limited clinical experience in this group. -Pancreatitis: Cases of acute pancreatitis have been reported. Patients should be informed of the characteristic symptoms of acute pancreatitis.
Common side effects include: Hypoglycemia, particularly when used in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. Central nervous system effects like headache and dizziness. Respiratory tract infections. Elevated liver enzymes and potential hepatic dysfunction. Rare but serious side effects include: Pancreatitis. Severe hypersensitivity reactions like angioedema. Hepatotoxicity.
-Sulfonylureas/Insulin: Increased risk of hypoglycemia; dose adjustment may be necessary. -Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: Increased risk of angioedema. -Digoxin and Warfarin: No clinically significant interactions noted, but monitoring is recommended.
