WARFARIN SODIUM

Warfarin sodium is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) used to prevent and treat blood clots in the body. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, thereby reducing the blood's ability to clot. Warfarin is available in tablet form and is commonly prescribed for conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and atrial fibrillation.

Indications

-Prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. -Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation or cardiac valve replacement. -Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in high-risk patients.

Dosage

-Dosage is highly individualized based on the patient's response, indicated by regular monitoring of prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). -Initial dosing typically ranges from 2 to 10 mg per day, depending on the patient's health status and clotting risk. -Maintenance doses can vary widely, usually between 2 and 10 mg daily. -Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on INR results.

Contra-Indications

-Hypersensitivity to warfarin or any components of the formulation. -Active bleeding or conditions with a high risk of hemorrhage (e.g., peptic ulcer disease). -Pregnancy (except in patients with mechanical heart valves, where benefit may outweigh risk). -Severe liver or kidney impairment.

Special Precautions

-Regular monitoring of INR/PT is essential to avoid bleeding complications or under-treatment. -Use with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or stroke. -Caution in patients with hypertension, liver disease, or a history of alcohol or substance abuse. -Avoid sudden changes in vitamin K intake (e.g., through diet) as it can affect the effectiveness of the medication.

Side Effects

-Bleeding is the most significant risk and can occur in various forms (e.g., nosebleeds, bruising, gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage). -Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. -Less common side effects include hair loss and skin necrosis.

Drug Interactions

Numerous medications can interact with warfarin, increasing or decreasing its anticoagulant effect. Examples include: -Antibiotics and antifungals -Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -Antidepressants and antiepileptics -Other anticoagulants -Supplements such as vitamin K, ginkgo biloba, and cranberry