Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S., largely due to atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries. Traditional risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, but the impact of specific dietary components, such as choline, on heart health is still debated.

Choline, an essential nutrient found in both animal and plant foods, is gaining attention for its potential benefits to heart health. Recent observational studies, including one published in the Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, suggest that higher choline intake may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, some animal studies indicate that choline might increase heart disease risk, and there is a lack of human clinical trials.

A new study published in BMC Public Health aimed to clarify the link between choline intake and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults. The study also examined how choline affects metabolic syndrome, which contributes to cardiovascular disease.

The study analyzed data from 5,525 American adults aged 20 and older, collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2018. Participants were divided into groups based on their choline intake and the presence of cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome.

Results showed that moderate choline intake was associated with a lower risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but had no significant link to metabolic syndrome. Optimal heart health benefits were seen with choline intake around 244 mg daily for women and 367 mg daily for men, which are lower than the recommended daily amounts.

Dr. Jérôme Salomon of WHO emphasised the importance of adequate choline intake for heart health, while Dr. Philip Nimoityn noted that more choline is not always better and highlighted the need for more precise studies.

Experts recommend a balanced diet with choline-rich foods such as eggs, fish, dairy, organ meats, red potatoes, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, whole grains, cruciferous vegetables, and legumes. A well-balanced heart-healthy diet is likely to provide sufficient choline without the risk of overdosing on supplements.

Overall, combining a heart-healthy diet with regular exercise, avoiding smoking, preventing obesity, and managing cholesterol and inflammation is essential for optimal heart health.