The World Health Organization (WHO) has released updated guidelines for the care of patients infected with influenza, aimed at healthcare providers worldwide. These guidelines will serve as a critical reference not only for clinicians managing patients with influenza but also for policymakers working on epidemic and pandemic preparedness efforts.

Influenza: A Global Health Challenge

Influenza, a highly contagious viral disease, affects populations across the globe. According to WHO estimates, seasonal influenza causes around one billion cases annually, with 3 to 5 million resulting in severe respiratory illness. Seasonal influenza also leads to approximately 290,000 to 650,000 deaths every year, primarily due to respiratory complications, with additional fatalities linked to other influenza-related issues.

Beyond seasonal influenza, zoonotic strains, such as avian and swine influenza, occasionally jump from animals to humans. These animal-origin viruses can cause illnesses ranging from mild conjunctivitis to severe pneumonia and even death. Although current animal influenza strains have not yet demonstrated the ability to spread between humans, WHO warns of the potential future pandemic threat posed by these viruses.

Key Updates in Influenza Care

The updated guidelines focus on the use of antiviral medications and other treatments, such as steroids to regulate immune system responses. The recommendations cover not only seasonal influenza but also potential pandemic strains and novel type A influenza viruses that have been known to cause severe illness in humans.

Developed by a multidisciplinary Guideline Development Group consisting of content experts, clinicians, patients, ethicists, and methodologists, these guidelines were created using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. This rigorous method ensures the trustworthiness of the recommendations based on available evidence.

WHO’s Broader Influenza Response

The updated guidelines form part of WHO’s broader strategy to combat influenza, which includes initiatives like the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). This system tracks influenza activity globally, helping to identify emerging threats. Additionally, the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) framework addresses gaps in access to effective medical treatments and other vital tools, ensuring that countries are better equipped to manage both seasonal and potential pandemic influenza outbreaks.