A recent study published in PLOS Global Public Health on November 20 reveals that changes in exposure to certain risk factors are fueling increasing rates of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in specific regions worldwide. Led by Ruiqi Xia from Fudan University School of Public Health in Shanghai, the research analyzed global data on age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of IHD and stroke, alongside 87 associated risk factors, to uncover underlying drivers of these alarming trends.

The study found that while the global incidence rates for stroke and IHD showed slight declines—falling by an average annual percentage of 0.64% and 0.67% respectively—several regions experienced significant increases. These surges were particularly notable in Eastern and Western Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Central Asia, and Oceania. Among the countries most affected were Uzbekistan and 55 others undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes, where shifts in lifestyle, environment, and healthcare systems have exacerbated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health challenges.

Researchers identified eight key factors contributing to the rising rates of IHD and stroke in these regions. These include diets rich in trans-fatty acids and poor in calcium, high body mass index (BMI), exposure to household air pollution from solid fuels, nonexclusive breastfeeding, occupational risks such as ergonomic strain, vitamin A deficiency, and exposure to particulate matter, gases, and fumes.

These factors were strongly linked to increased disease rates in regions such as Western Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and Oceania, where their impact has been compounded by economic and social transitions.

The findings highlight the significant role of socioeconomic development in shaping health outcomes. Rapid economic transitions often bring lifestyle and environmental shifts, such as unhealthy dietary patterns and increased occupational hazards, which in turn elevate the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The authors emphasized the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these modifiable risk factors. By focusing on improving diet, reducing air pollution, and mitigating occupational hazards, policymakers and healthcare systems can help reverse these troubling trends.

The study serves as a critical call to action for regions experiencing rapid socioeconomic change, stressing the importance of proactive measures to safeguard public health and reduce the growing burden of IHD and stroke.