The global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain alarmingly high, according to a comprehensive review published in The Lancet Psychiatry on December 19. The study, led by Dr. Damian Santomauro from the University of Queensland in Archerfield, Australia, offers an in-depth analysis of the widespread impact of ASD worldwide.

The findings reveal that in 2021, an estimated 61.8 million individuals were on the autism spectrum globally. This translates to a global age-standardized prevalence rate of 788.3 per 100,000 people, with significant gender disparities: 1,064.7 males per 100,000 versus 508.1 females per 100,000. Autism spectrum disorder accounted for 11.5 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) globally, equivalent to 147.6 DALYs per 100,000 people.

The study highlights regional differences in the health burden. Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania reported age-standardized DALY rates ranging from 126.5 to 204.1 per 100,000 people, with the highest rates observed in high-income regions. Across all age groups, the burden of ASD was evident, with children under the age of five experiencing the highest rates at 169.2 DALYs per 100,000 people. This burden decreased slightly with age, but ASD remained one of the top 10 causes of nonfatal health burdens for individuals younger than 20 years.

The authors emphasize the importance of these findings for shaping future research and policy interventions. “We hope that this study provides a foundation for future research and policy interventions so that key stakeholders work to ensure that the unique needs of all autistic people are met, contributing to a better, more inclusive, and more understanding future,” the authors wrote.

However, the study also disclosed that several authors have ties to the pharmaceutical industry, which could raise questions about potential conflicts of interest. Nonetheless, the study underscores the urgent need for targeted strategies to address the lifelong challenges faced by individuals with ASD and their families, particularly in regions with limited resources.

The comprehensive data presented in this study serves as a wake-up call for global health policymakers to prioritize autism spectrum disorder as a critical public health issue. By addressing the unique challenges associated with ASD, stakeholders can pave the way for a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals on the autism spectrum.