Theophylline

Theophylline is a bronchodilator medication used to manage and treat symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and decreasing the lungs' response to irritants.

Indications

Theophylline is indicated for the treatment of: -Chronic asthma -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -Other conditions associated with reversible airflow obstruction

Dosage

The dosage of Theophylline varies based on individual patient needs, medical condition, and response to treatment. It is crucial to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully. Typical dosages include: -Adults: 400-600 mg per day, divided into doses -Children: Dosage is based on body weight and specific condition, typically ranging from 10-20 mg/kg per day

Contra-Indications

Theophylline is contraindicated in patients with: -Hypersensitivity to Theophylline or any component of the formulation -Active peptic ulcer disease -Seizure disorders not adequately controlled by medication -Cardiac arrhythmias

Special Precautions

-Monitor serum Theophylline levels regularly to avoid toxicity. -Use with caution in patients with liver disease, heart disease, or hypertension. -Smoking and diet changes can affect Theophylline levels and may require dosage adjustment. -Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Theophylline include: -Nausea and vomiting -Diarrhea -Headache -Insomnia -Irritability -Tremors -Palpitations

Drug Interactions

Theophylline can interact with various medications, including: -Antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, erythromycin) -Anti-seizure medications (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine) -Beta-blockers -Oral contraceptives -St. John’s Wort and other herbal supplements