Venlafaxine
Venlafaxine is a medication belonging to the class of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It works by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters in the brain, thereby improving mood and alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. It in humans is believed to be associated with its potentiation of neurotransmitter activity in the CNS.Venlafaxine is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
The dosage of venlafaxine varies depending on the condition being treated and individual patient factors. It is typically started at a low dose and gradually increased under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The usual starting dose for depression is 75 mg per day, taken in two or three divided doses. The maximum recommended dose is 375 mg per day. For anxiety disorders, the initial dose is usually lower.
Venlafaxine is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should not be taken concomitantly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOI therapy due to the risk of serotonin syndrome. It is also contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma.
Venlafaxine should be used with caution in patients with a history of mania or hypomania, as it may precipitate a manic episode. It should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, liver or kidney impairment, seizures, or a history of bleeding disorders. Close monitoring is recommended during treatment initiation and dose adjustments.
Common side effects of venlafaxine include nausea, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. Less common but more serious side effects may include suicidal thoughts or behaviors, serotonin syndrome, increased blood pressure, and allergic reactions.
Venlafaxine may interact with other medications, including MAOIs, other antidepressants, antipsychotics, certain antibiotics, antiplatelet drugs, and drugs that affect serotonin levels. These interactions may increase the risk of adverse effects or reduce the effectiveness of venlafaxine.
