Over the last decade, there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of stomach cancer in India. The rates of stomach cancer in the country are relatively high compared to many Western nations. 

Improved diagnostic capabilities contribute to more accurate reporting, but doctors at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, attribute this upward trend, in part, to unique dietary practices, particularly a preference for spicy and preserved foods.

Stomach cancer prognosis varies widely based on the stage at diagnosis, with types including adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Unfortunately, stomach cancer is often diagnosed in later stages, leading to higher mortality rates.

Dr. Puneet Dhar, Head of Department, Gastrointestinal Surgery at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, highlighted several risk factors contributing to stomach cancer in India. These include a diet high in salty or pickled foods, smoked foods, low intake of fruits and vegetables, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, obesity, and certain occupational exposures. While improved sanitation and declining rates of H. pylori infection have contributed to reduced rates in some areas, dietary patterns, especially the consumption of heavily spiced foods, remain significantly associated with stomach cancer in India. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute to the risk.

Stomach cancer typically affects individuals after the age of 50, with an average age at diagnosis around 60. Men exhibit a slightly higher prevalence than women, with lifestyle factors such as higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption contributing to the increased risk among men. Geographically, higher incidence rates are noted in regions where dietary patterns include more spicy, salty, or preserved foods. Hormonal differences and genetic factors may also play a role, though further research is needed for conclusive evidence.

Dr. Saleem Naik, Senior Consultant, Gastrointestinal Surgery at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, highlighted symptoms of stomach cancer, including persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. Early-stage stomach cancer might not exhibit noticeable symptoms, emphasizing the importance of regular screenings for high-risk individuals.

Dr. Abhishek Agrawal, Consultant, Gastrointestinal Surgery at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, stressed the importance of preventive measures such as prioritizing a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, minimizing processed and preserved foods, quitting smoking, moderating alcohol intake, and scheduling regular medical check-ups, particularly for those with a family history or concerning symptoms. Embracing routine screenings for high-risk individuals can aid in early issue detection, enhancing overall health and well-being. Proactive lifestyle choices empower individuals to take charge of their health, fostering a foundation for a healthier future.