Down syndrome, a genetic condition resulting from an extra chromosome, impacts cognitive ability and physical growth and heightens health risks. Individuals with Down syndrome often exhibit characteristic features like upslanting eyes, low muscle tone, seizures, and attention difficulties, along with a shorter stature and small hands and feet.

In India, prenatal screening options such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are available after 15 weeks of pregnancy to detect Down syndrome. Despite advancements in testing, managing Down syndrome has evolved slowly. While challenges persist, families and organisations increasingly embrace individuals with Down syndrome, integrating them into everyday life.

Early intervention programmes are paramount for children with Down ndrome. Physical therapy aids motor skill development and enhances movement and posture, while speech-language therapy improves communication. Occupational therapy assists in daily tasks, and emotional/behavioural therapy addresses behavioural challenges, facilitating a better quality of life.

As individuals with Down syndrome age, regular healthcare screenings become imperative due to the higher risk of medical conditions. Annual check-ups aid in early detection and intervention, promoting overall well-being.

India boasts numerous support groups and centres offering assistance to individuals with Down syndrome and their families. Counselling services and educational resources help families navigate the unique challenges associated with raising a child with Down syndrome.

Social inclusion remains a significant hurdle for individuals with Down syndrome. Misunderstanding and a lack of awareness often lead to exclusion and bullying. Slower cognitive abilities can impede educational and employment opportunities, underscoring the need for enhanced support and understanding.

To promote greater awareness and understanding in the community, awareness campaigns, workshops, and seminars are vital. Providing support and resources to families and promoting social integration fosters inclusivity and acceptance.

Recent advancements in research offer hope for individuals with Down syndrome. Studies into vaccines, drugs, and hormone therapies aim to enhance cognitive performance and overall well-being.

Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in advocating for the Down syndrome community. Educating families, facilitating early intervention, and promoting integration into society are essential steps towards fostering inclusivity.

Looking ahead, improving the quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome requires widespread awareness and support. Advocating for inclusivity and providing resources for families are key to creating a more accepting and inclusive society.

Let us reaffirm our commitment to supporting individuals with Down syndrome and their families. Embracing diversity and promoting inclusivity enriches our communities and fosters a more compassionate and understanding society. Together, let us strive to create a world where everyone is valued and included, regardless of their abilities.

Dr Sujatha Thyagarajan is a Senior Consultant in paediatrics and Paediatric Intensive Care at Aster RV Hospital, Bengaluru. The opinions expressed in the above article are personal.