Researchers from the Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, led a new study in Kashmir, North India, which found important genetic information about women who experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), also known as recurrent miscarriages. The study focused on the HLA-G gene, which plays a crucial role during pregnancy by helping the mother's immune system accept the growing baby. Certain differences, or polymorphisms, in this gene can change how it works and may increase the risk of RPL.

Scientists analysed genetic samples from 200 women who had lost at least two pregnancies and compared them to samples from 240 healthy women from the same area. They also examined 100 husbands of the affected women and 60 samples from the pregnancies.

The study found that a specific trait called the 0103:0103 genotype was not present in any of the participants. Everyone, including RPL patients, their husbands, and the control group, had the 0104/0105 genotype, indicating that it does not contribute to RPL. However, a variation called G*0104N in exon 3 of the HLA-G gene was much more common in RPL patients and their husbands than in the control group. Specifically, 13% of women with RPL and 7% of their male partners had this variation, showing a strong link to pregnancy loss.

The results show that the Kashmiri population has a genetic risk for RPL, particularly related to the HLA-G*0104N variant. This finding is significant because it emphasises the role of genetics in pregnancy problems and may explain why some women experience recurrent losses.

To lessen the effects of these genetic risks, the researcher suggests that couples planning to conceive, especially those with a history of pregnancy loss, undergo genetic testing to identify the presence of HLA-G polymorphisms. Early detection can aid in managing and planning future pregnancies. Healthcare providers can develop customised treatment plans for women identified with the HLA-G*0104N variant, which may include closer monitoring during pregnancy and specialised support to ensure a successful pregnancy. Continued research into the genetic factors contributing to RPL can lead to better understanding and management. Raising awareness about the importance of genetic testing and counselling can help affected couples seek appropriate medical advice.

This study marks a significant step in understanding the genetic causes of recurrent pregnancy loss in Kashmir and provides a foundation for targeted interventions to support affected women and their families.