Today is World Diabetes Day! This annual event, observed on November 14, brings people together worldwide to raise awareness and improve support for those living with diabetes. It’s more than just a date on the calendar; it’s a reminder of the millions affected by this chronic condition and the power of proactive steps in prevention and management.

The theme for this year, “Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps,” speaks to a shared goal—ensuring everyone with diabetes has access to high-quality, affordable care. Dr. Ashish Saini, Consultant in Endocrinology at Kailash Deepak Hospital, explains that this theme is about commitment, not only from healthcare providers but also from families and communities. Together, we can reduce diabetes risks and make sure that everyone affected gets the support they deserve.

Early detection is one of the biggest messages of World Diabetes Day. Dr. Saini points out that millions of people have diabetes and don’t even know it. Living with undiagnosed diabetes can lead to serious complications down the line, yet regular check-ups can change that. Catching diabetes early makes it far easier to manage, helping to prevent many of the severe complications that might come with unchecked diabetes.

Diabetes itself is a condition that affects how the body processes glucose from food. This happens when the pancreas either doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body can’t effectively use the insulin it does make. Insulin is essential for balancing blood glucose levels, and when it’s out of sync, blood sugar levels rise, leading to diabetes.

There are three main types: type 2, type 1, and gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, is often the result of either insufficient insulin production or the body’s resistance to insulin. Type 1 diabetes is different—it’s usually an autoimmune condition that requires insulin injections for survival. Gestational diabetes, which some women develop during pregnancy, also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes later on.

Diabetes symptoms can be subtle at first. Common signs include persistent thirst, dry mouth, unexplained weight loss, frequent urination, blurred vision, and constant fatigue. Since these symptoms can be mild or mistaken for other issues, diabetes often goes undiagnosed. Other signs to look out for include numbness in the hands or feet, slow-healing wounds, and recurring infections. This is why awareness is so important—catching these symptoms early can truly make a difference.

There are several risk factors for diabetes, particularly type 2. People who are overweight, over 45, or have a family history of diabetes are at higher risk, as are those with a sedentary lifestyle or high-stress levels. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and certain liver conditions can also increase risk, as well as a history of gestational diabetes.

To check for diabetes, doctors use a few specific tests. The Fasting Blood Glucose Test measures blood sugar after fasting, while the Postprandial Blood Glucose Test does so after meals. The HbA1c test, or Glycated Hemoglobin Test, provides an average blood sugar level over three months, giving a broader picture of blood sugar management.

While some forms of diabetes can’t be prevented due to genetic or autoimmune factors, making healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of developing type 2 and gestational diabetes. Dr. Saini suggests a balanced diet, regular physical activity, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use. Even for those with a family history, these habits can go a long way in lowering risk.

If left unmanaged, diabetes can lead to complications across the body, affecting the heart, nerves, kidneys, and more. That’s why today, on World Diabetes Day, the theme “Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps” serves as a powerful reminder that quality diabetes care should be within everyone’s reach. Let’s make early detection, prevention, and access to quality care a reality for all by raising awareness and supporting each other in the journey toward better health.