Pregnancy is a transformative journey marked by numerous changes in a woman's body, and among these changes are alterations in vision that can impact both the mother and the developing fetus. Dr. Madhavi Majety, Senior Cornea and Refractive Surgeon at Maxivision Eye Hospital, Somajiguda, sheds light on the maternal-fetal eye connection and the potential vision changes expecting mothers may experience during this crucial period.

Hormonal Changes: Dr. Majety explains that hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, particularly increases in estrogen and progesterone levels, can influence various ocular structures, leading to changes in vision. These fluctuations may result in corneal thickness variations, altered tear production, and fluctuations in intraocular pressure, culminating in symptoms like dry eyes, blurred vision, and ocular discomfort.

Refractive Changes: Many expectant mothers undergo temporary changes in their refractive error, often presenting as nearsightedness (myopia) or astigmatism. These changes are typically attributed to fluid retention, alterations in corneal curvature, and hormonal influences on lens thickness and shape. While these changes are usually reversible after childbirth, temporary adjustments to eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions may be necessary during pregnancy.

Dry Eye Syndrome: Hormonal shifts and changes in tear production can contribute to dry eye syndrome during pregnancy, characterized by symptoms such as itching, burning, redness, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. Managing these symptoms with lubricating eye drops and maintaining good eyelid hygiene can help alleviate discomfort.

Gestational Diabetes and Vision:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a diabetes form that develops during pregnancy, can impact maternal eye health. Uncontrolled diabetes may lead to diabetic retinopathy, a sight-threatening complication characterized by retinal blood vessel damage. Dr. Majety emphasizes the importance of regular eye examinations for women with GDM to monitor for diabetic retinopathy and other diabetes-related eye issues.

Preeclampsia and Vision Changes: Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder occurring during pregnancy, may cause vision changes such as blurred vision, light sensitivity, and visual disturbances like floaters or flashes of light. These symptoms may indicate serious complications requiring immediate medical attention.

Fetal Eye Development: Dr. Majety underscores the significance of maternal health and lifestyle factors on fetal eye development. Nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, and toxin exposure can influence the development of the fetus's eyes, highlighting the importance of maintaining optimal maternal health during pregnancy.

Postpartum Vision Changes:While many women experience a return to pre-pregnancy vision within months after delivery, some may continue to experience refractive changes, dry eye symptoms, or other ocular issues. Dr. Majety recommends regular eye examinations and prompt reporting of any vision changes to healthcare providers for appropriate management.

Understanding the maternal-fetal eye connection and potential vision changes during pregnancy is vital for proactive eye care and optimal maternal and fetal health outcomes. Dr. Majety advises expecting mothers to prioritize regular eye examinations, maintain overall health, and promptly report any vision changes for proper evaluation and management, ensuring the best possible vision outcomes for themselves and their babies during and after pregnancy.