Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, is becoming an increasingly significant health concern. Despite its prevalence, many women remain unaware of the symptoms and warning signs, which often delays diagnosis and treatment. PCOS is linked to a range of health complications that extend beyond reproductive health, with potential impacts on physical and mental well-being.

Studies indicate that around 5-10% of women aged 24-34 and approximately 25% of those aged 34-44 who experience infertility may have undiagnosed PCOS. This condition, if left unmanaged, can lead to long-term reproductive challenges, including infertility. Fortunately, advancements in fertility treatments such as egg freezing, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) offer hope, enabling women with PCOS to conceive and embrace motherhood.

Dr. Karishma Dafle, Fertility Consultant at Nova IVF Fertility, Pune, emphasizes that many women tend to neglect regular health screenings after the age of 25, which can lead to difficulties in conceiving later on. Often, these women only discover they have PCOS during routine ultrasound examinations, unaware that signs like abnormal hair growth and irregular menstrual cycles could indicate a more serious condition. By the time they identify PCOS as a contributor to infertility, it can sometimes be too late. PCOS disrupts the normal menstrual cycle and ovulation as the ovarian follicles fail to release eggs, causing hormonal imbalances and cysts on the ovaries that complicate pregnancy efforts.

The impact of PCOS on fertility is compounded by various symptoms such as excessive hair growth, weight gain, insulin resistance, oily skin, and the development of ovarian cysts. These symptoms not only interfere with natural conception but also increase the risk of other health issues like type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, stroke, and sleep apnea.

According to Dr. Preethika Shetty, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist at Motherhood Hospitals, Kharadi, the prevalence of PCOS has risen significantly over the past decade, with a 50% increase in cases. The surge is evident across women of all ages and body types, and is particularly concerning among teenagers. Dr. Shetty explains that while PCOS can present challenges, it is important to note that 80% of women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with proper treatment and guidance. Lifestyle factors play a significant role in the development of PCOS, with 75% of obese women and 25% of thin women affected by the condition. In her clinical practice, Dr. Shetty has observed that around 50% of women in the pre-pregnancy stage and 20% during post-pregnancy experience symptoms of PCOS, underscoring the widespread nature of the condition and the importance of early diagnosis.

The early onset of PCOS in young women is often attributed to a combination of genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior, unhealthy diets, and increased stress levels. Dr. Dafle notes that many women with untreated PCOS attempt natural conception for years without success. When ovulation-inducing medications fail, they may consider assisted reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF to achieve their dream of motherhood. However, the incidence of PCOS is increasing at an alarming rate of 5-10%, largely due to sedentary lifestyles, insufficient physical activity, and high stress levels.

Despite the challenges associated with PCOS, successful pregnancies are possible for the majority of women affected by the condition. Dr. Shetty highlights the importance of regular check-ups, which can help identify PCOS early and enable timely interventions that improve overall health and fertility outcomes. For pregnant women with PCOS, it is crucial to monitor blood sugar levels regularly, maintain a healthy weight, follow a balanced diet, stay active, and work closely with their healthcare provider. These steps can help manage symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and ensure a healthy pregnancy.

Experts stress the need for women to take charge of their health through regular health check-ups and timely medical advice to manage PCOS effectively. Dr. Dafle advises that women with PCOS should follow a well-balanced lifestyle that includes a nutritious diet, regular exercise, a proper sleep routine, and relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation. Moreover, staying in touch with a healthcare expert and undergoing regular screenings after 25 can help manage this condition and prevent infertility.

With growing awareness and access to effective treatments, women with PCOS can take proactive steps to manage their health and overcome the challenges associated with the condition. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, and timely medical interventions are key to managing PCOS and improving fertility outcomes, allowing women to navigate the complexities of the condition and embrace motherhood when they choose to do so.