Metoprolol
-Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta-blockers. It works by blocking the effects of certain natural chemicals in the body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This helps to lower blood pressure, heart rate, and strain on the heart. -It is the prototype of cardio selective (b1) blockers. Its potency to block cardiac stimulation is similar to propranolol & is less likely to worsen asthma, but not entirely safe. It may also be preferred to propranolol in diabetics receiving insulin or oral hypoglycaemics.-Metoprolol is commonly prescribed for the management of various cardiovascular conditions, including: Hypertension (high blood pressure) Angina pectoris (chest pain) Myocardial infarction (heart attack) prevention Heart failure Certain arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) -Hypertension, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction.
-The dosage of Metoprolol varies based on the specific condition being treated. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions provided by the healthcare professional. -Adults: 100-200 mg in two divided doses. -Children: 1-5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses.
-Metoprolol is contraindicated in individuals with: Hypersensitivity to metoprolol or other beta-blockers Uncontrolled heart failure Severe bradycardia (slow heart rate) Cardiogenic shock Severe peripheral arterial circulatory disorders -Bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, 2nd or 3rd degree A.V. block, cardiac failure. Verapamil therapy. Br. Asthma/COPD.
Patients should exercise caution when using Metoprolol under the following conditions: -Diabetes mellitus -Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -Liver dysfunction -Thyroid disorders -Peripheral vascular diseases General anaesthesia, pregnancy, reduced cardiac reserve, C.C.F. Paediatrics: Reduced dose necessary. Pregnancy: May effect the foetus. Lactation: May pass in breast milk. hence use only if clearly indicated. Elderly: Reduce the dose, if necessary.
-Common side effects of Metoprolol may include fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Serious side effects may include worsening heart failure, bradycardia, and bronchospasm. Consult a healthcare professional if any adverse reactions occur. -Headache, nightmares, hypotension, eye and skin reactions, bradycardia.
-Metoprolol may interact with various drugs, including but not limited to: -Other antihypertensive medications -Antiarrhythmics -Calcium channel blockers -Cimetidine -NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) -Cimetidine potentiates metoprolol. Negative ionotropic effect with general anaesthetics. Bioavailability increased by food. Enhancement of antihypertensive effect with diuretics and vasodialators. Useful combination with digitalis.
